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href="/01.Language/C/02.C99%E5%92%8CC11%E6%96%B0%E7%89%B9%E6%80%A7.html#_01-c语言中-bool和bool" class="sidebar-link">01.C语言中_Bool和bool</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li><li><a href="/01.Language/C/02.C99%E5%92%8CC11%E6%96%B0%E7%89%B9%E6%80%A7.html#_02-变长数组variable-length-array-vla⚡️" class="sidebar-link">02.变长数组variable-length array,VLA⚡️</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li><li><a href="/01.Language/C/02.C99%E5%92%8CC11%E6%96%B0%E7%89%B9%E6%80%A7.html#_03-伸缩型数组成员⚡️" class="sidebar-link">03.伸缩型数组成员⚡️</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li><li><a href="/01.Language/C/02.C99%E5%92%8CC11%E6%96%B0%E7%89%B9%E6%80%A7.html#♻️柔性数组成员（伸缩型数组成员）" class="sidebar-link">♻️柔性数组成员（伸缩型数组成员）</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/01.Language/C/02.C99%E5%92%8CC11%E6%96%B0%E7%89%B9%E6%80%A7.html#_1-观察现象" class="sidebar-link">1.观察现象</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/01.Language/C/02.C99%E5%92%8CC11%E6%96%B0%E7%89%B9%E6%80%A7.html#_2-编译器支持情况" class="sidebar-link">2.编译器支持情况</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/01.Language/C/02.C99%E5%92%8CC11%E6%96%B0%E7%89%B9%E6%80%A7.html#_3-用法" class="sidebar-link">3.用法</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/01.Language/C/02.C99%E5%92%8CC11%E6%96%B0%E7%89%B9%E6%80%A7.html#_4-对比" class="sidebar-link">4.对比</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/01.Language/C/02.C99%E5%92%8CC11%E6%96%B0%E7%89%B9%E6%80%A7.html#_04-内联函数" class="sidebar-link">04.内联函数</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li><li><a href="/01.Language/C/02.C99%E5%92%8CC11%E6%96%B0%E7%89%B9%E6%80%A7.html#❄️c99新特性-冷门" class="sidebar-link">❄️C99新特性-冷门</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/01.Language/C/02.C99%E5%92%8CC11%E6%96%B0%E7%89%B9%E6%80%A7.html#t-1-指定初始化器材" class="sidebar-link">t.1.指定初始化器材</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/01.Language/C/02.C99%E5%92%8CC11%E6%96%B0%E7%89%B9%E6%80%A7.html#t2-复合字面值" class="sidebar-link">t2.复合字面值</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/01.Language/C/02.C99%E5%92%8CC11%E6%96%B0%E7%89%B9%E6%80%A7.html#t3-tgmath-h库" class="sidebar-link">t3.tgmath.h库</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/01.Language/C/02.C99%E5%92%8CC11%E6%96%B0%E7%89%B9%E6%80%A7.html#✅c11" class="sidebar-link">✅C11</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li><li><a href="/01.Language/C/02.C99%E5%92%8CC11%E6%96%B0%E7%89%B9%E6%80%A7.html#_01-匿名结构" class="sidebar-link">01.匿名结构</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li><li><a href="/01.Language/C/02.C99%E5%92%8CC11%E6%96%B0%E7%89%B9%E6%80%A7.html#_02-匿名联合" class="sidebar-link">02.匿名联合</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li><li><a href="/01.Language/C/02.C99%E5%92%8CC11%E6%96%B0%E7%89%B9%E6%80%A7.html#_03-对齐特性" class="sidebar-link">03.对齐特性</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li><li><a href="/01.Language/C/02.C99%E5%92%8CC11%E6%96%B0%E7%89%B9%E6%80%A7.html#_04-泛型选择" class="sidebar-link">04.泛型选择</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li><li><a href="/01.Language/C/02.C99%E5%92%8CC11%E6%96%B0%E7%89%B9%E6%80%A7.html#❄️c11新特性-冷门" class="sidebar-link">❄️C11新特性-冷门</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/01.Language/C/02.C99%E5%92%8CC11%E6%96%B0%E7%89%B9%E6%80%A7.html#t1-atomic类型限定符" class="sidebar-link">t1._Atomic类型限定符</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/01.Language/C/02.C99%E5%92%8CC11%E6%96%B0%E7%89%B9%E6%80%A7.html#t2-noreturn函数" class="sidebar-link">t2._Noreturn函数</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/01.Language/C/02.C99%E5%92%8CC11%E6%96%B0%E7%89%B9%E6%80%A7.html#t3-static-assert" class="sidebar-link">t3._Static_assert</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/01.Language/C/02.C99%E5%92%8CC11%E6%96%B0%E7%89%B9%E6%80%A7.html#参考资料" class="sidebar-link">参考资料</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li></ul></div></li></ul> </div> <div class="page"> <div class="content"><h1 id="c99和c11新特性"><a href="#c99和c11新特性" class="header-anchor">#</a> C99和C11新特性</h1> <div class="language-txt line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>&lt;font style=&quot;background:yellow&quot;&gt;
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="language-txt line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>C99 标准引入了许多特性，
	内联函数（inline functions）
	可变长度的数组
	灵活的数组成员（用于结构体）
	复合字面量
毫不夸张地说，即便到目前为止，很少有C语言编译器是完整支持 C99 的。
- 像主流的 GCC 以及 Clang 编译器都能支持高达90%以上，
- 而微软的 Visual Studio 2015 中的C编译器只能支持到 70% 左右。
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><h2 id="目录"><a href="#目录" class="header-anchor">#</a> 目录</h2> <p>[TOC]</p> <h2 id="✅c99"><a href="#✅c99" class="header-anchor">#</a> ✅C99</h2> <h2 id="_01-c语言中-bool和bool"><a href="#_01-c语言中-bool和bool" class="header-anchor">#</a> 01.C语言中<code>_Bool</code>和<code>bool</code></h2> <ul><li>C99和C11新增了<code>_Bool</code>类型的位字段！『或许在按时
<ul><li>《C Primer Plus》第6版，P505</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="language-c line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-c"><code><span class="token comment">//测试环境64位CPU，64位编译器gcc</span>
<span class="token comment">//gcc demo.c</span>
<span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&lt;stdio.h&gt;</span></span>

<span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token class-name">node</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
	<span class="token keyword">_Bool</span> b <span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	<span class="token keyword">_Bool</span> c <span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>ss<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
	<span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;%d\n&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">sizeof</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ss<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>	<span class="token comment">//输出1是因为：这是_Bool类型的位字段</span>
	<span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;%d\n&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">sizeof</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">_Bool</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>	<span class="token comment">//输出1是因为：需要“字节对齐”</span>
	<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">//输出是，原因是</span>
<span class="token comment">/*
1
1
*/</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br></div></div><ul><li><p><code>_Bool</code>是C语言中布尔变量的类型名！<strong>只能</strong>存储1或0</p> <ul><li><p><strong>规律1</strong>：如果把其他非0数值赋值为<code>_Bool</code>类型的变量，该变量会被设置为1</p> <ul><li><div class="language-c line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-c"><code><span class="token keyword">_Bool</span> temp<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;%d\n&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>temp<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token comment">//输出，发现是1『遵守规律1』</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div></li></ul></li> <li><p><strong>规律2</strong>：从真/假方面看：对C而言，表达式为真的值是1，表达式为假的值是0</p></li> <li><p><strong>规律3</strong>：从数值方面看：只要测试条件是非0都会被视为真，只有0被视为假</p> <ul><li>《C Primer Plus》第6版，P145-P148</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><p>C99提供了<code>stdbool.h</code>头文件，<font style="background:yellow;">让<code>bool</code>成为<code>_Bool</code>的别名</font>，而且把<code>true</code>和<code>false</code>分别定义为<code>1和0</code>的符号常量。包含该头文件后，<font style="background:yellow;">写出的代码可以与<code>C++</code>兼容</font>，因为C++把bool、true和false定义为关键字！</p></li></ul> <div class="language-cpp line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code>已知有如下的变量定义，那么第二行的表达式的值是多少（）
<span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">void</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">int</span> x <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">3</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span> y <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span> z <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token operator">!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>x <span class="token operator">+</span> y<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> z<span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;&amp;</span> y <span class="token operator">+</span> z<span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
正确答案<span class="token operator">:</span> D  
A <span class="token number">6</span>
B <span class="token number">2</span>
C <span class="token number">0</span>
D <span class="token number">1</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br></div></div><ul><li>1、if和while啥的判断一个int，只要不是0，就认为是true，if( -1 )效果和if(true)一样</li> <li>2、我们用判断a &amp;&amp; b啥得到的true和false如果用int承载却直接对应的是<code>1和0</code>！！！</li> <li>3、（注意记住上面2点）</li></ul> <h2 id="_02-变长数组variable-length-array-vla⚡️"><a href="#_02-变长数组variable-length-array-vla⚡️" class="header-anchor">#</a> 02.变长数组<code>variable-length array,VLA</code>⚡️</h2> <ul><li><font style="background:yellow;">被牛客上一些牛油，误解为『柔性数组』</font></li> <li>《C Primer Plus》第6版，P309</li></ul> <div class="language-txt line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>sum2d ()函数之所以能处理这些数组，是因为这些数组的列数固定为4，而行数被传递给形参rows,rows是一个变量。但是如果要计算6×5的数组（即6行5列)，就不能使用这个函数，必须重新创建一个CLOs为5的函数。

- 因为C规定，数组的维数必须是常量，不能用变量来代替cOLS。
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><p>鉴于此，<strong>C99</strong>新增了变长数组（variable-length array，VLA)，<font style="background:yellow;">允许使用<strong>变量</strong>表示数组的维度</font>。如下所示:</p> <div class="language-c line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-c"><code><span class="token keyword">int</span> quarters <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> regions <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">double</span> sales <span class="token punctuation">[</span>regions<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> quarters<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">//一个变长数组（VLA)</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><p>前面提到过，<font style="background:yellow;">变长数组有一些限制</font>。</p> <ul><li>变长数组必须是自动存储类别，这意味着无论在函数中声明还是作为函数形参声明，都不能使用static或extern存储类别说明符（第12章介绍)。</li> <li>而且，<font style="background:yellow;">不能在声明中初始化它们</font>。『报错如下』</li> <li>最终，C11把变长数组作为一个可选特性，而不是必须强制实现的特性。</li></ul> <div class="language-c line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-c"><code><span class="token comment">//gcc -std=c99 solve.c</span>

<span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span><span class="token string">&lt;stdio.h&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">int</span> solve<span class="token punctuation">[</span>a<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">9</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">int</span> i<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">for</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token operator">++</span>i<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;%d\n&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>solve<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token comment">/*
olve.c: In function ‘main’:
solve.c:5:5: error: variable-sized object may not be initialized
     int solve[a]={9,8,1};
     ^
solve.c:5:5: warning: excess elements in array initializer [enabled by default]
solve.c:5:5: warning: (near initialization for ‘solve’) [enabled by default]
solve.c:5:5: warning: excess elements in array initializer [enabled by default]
solve.c:5:5: warning: (near initialization for ‘solve’) [enabled by default]
solve.c:5:5: warning: excess elements in array initializer [enabled by default]
solve.c:5:5: warning: (near initialization for ‘solve’) [enabled by default]
*/</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br></div></div><ul><li>但是，不初始化就行</li></ul> <div class="language-c line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-c"><code><span class="token comment">//gcc -std=c99 solve.c</span>

<span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span><span class="token string">&lt;stdio.h&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">int</span> solve<span class="token punctuation">[</span>a<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">int</span> i<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">for</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token operator">++</span>i<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;%d\n&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>solve<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br></div></div><h2 id="_03-伸缩型数组成员⚡️"><a href="#_03-伸缩型数组成员⚡️" class="header-anchor">#</a> 03.伸缩型数组成员⚡️</h2> <ul><li>C99新增了一个特性，伸缩行数组成员（flexible array member）</li> <li>《C Primer Plus》第6版，P463</li></ul> <div class="language-c line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-c"><code><span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token class-name">flex</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">int</span> count<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">double</span> average<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">double</span> scores<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>	<span class="token comment">//伸缩型数组成员</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><h2 id="♻️柔性数组成员（伸缩型数组成员）"><a href="#♻️柔性数组成员（伸缩型数组成员）" class="header-anchor">#</a> ♻️柔性数组成员（伸缩型数组成员）</h2> <ul><li>柔性数组（Flexible Array）又称“可变长数组”</li> <li><em>柔性数组</em>(flexible array member)也叫伸缩性数组成员</li> <li><font style="background:yellow;">注意：<strong>伸缩型数组成员≠变长数组</strong></font></li></ul> <h3 id="_1-观察现象"><a href="#_1-观察现象" class="header-anchor">#</a> 1.观察现象</h3> <div class="language-c line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-c"><code><span class="token comment">//测试1</span>
<span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span><span class="token string">&lt;stdio.h&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token keyword">typedef</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token class-name">list_t</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
	
	<span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token class-name">list_t</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>next<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	<span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token class-name">list_t</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>prev<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	<span class="token keyword">char</span> data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token class-name">list_t</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
	<span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;%d&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token keyword">sizeof</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">list_t</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">/*
测试环境：32位，DevC++5.11的C语言编译器
输出：8
测试环境：32位，VS2012的C语言编译器
输出：8
*/</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br></div></div><ul><li>测试2</li></ul> <p>将测试1中代码，<code>char data[0];</code>改为<code>char data[];</code></p> <div class="language-txt line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>测试环境：32位，DevC++5.11的C语言编译器
输出：8
测试环境：32位，VS2012的C语言编译器
输出：8
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><ul><li>柔性数组解释：
这是因为在<strong>定义</strong>这个结构体的时候，结构体的大小<code>已经不包含</code>柔性数组的内存大小了。<br> <strong>柔性数组不占结构体内</strong>。<strong>只是在使用的时候需要把它当作结构体的一个成员而已</strong>。</li> <li>联想：这个说法，让我想起了C++类中的static变量，本质是全局变量，所以其实不占那个类的内存，但是我把它放在类里面只是为了告知，这个变量和这个类有联系<code>...</code></li></ul> <h3 id="_2-编译器支持情况"><a href="#_2-编译器支持情况" class="header-anchor">#</a> 2.编译器支持情况</h3> <ul><li>柔性数组是『『<strong>C99</strong>』』引入的一个新特性</li> <li>这个特性允许你在定义结构体的时候创建一个<strong>空数组</strong>，而这个数组的大小可以在程序运行的过程中<strong>根据你的需求进行更改</strong>（也就是可变长长度的数组），这样我们在结构体中定义一个柔性数组，这样可以确保能够在程序运行过程中“动态”的进行结构体的扩展！</li> <li>特别注意：
<ul><li>1）<font style="background:yellow;">这个空数组必须<strong>声明</strong>为结构体的<strong>最后一个</strong>成员</font></li> <li>2）并且还要求这样的结构体<strong>至少</strong>包含一个<strong>其他类型</strong>的成员</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="language-txt line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>PS——摘自别人的注解：
&gt; 1）其实，C99支持的标准是`char address[]`,按理来说`char address[0]`是非法的，只不过，有的编译器把它当做非标准扩展了。
&gt; 2）此外，在C99之前，就有这样的写法，C99出来后，有些编译器把两者等同了。
所以，我才能在32位，**DevC++5.11的C语言编译器（支持的是C89）**这样的测试环境下，还能使用这种写法。
此外，在很多编译器中，对这个的支持有点差异，具体使用，还是测试一下吧。	虽然，似乎很多版本gcc是OK的
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><h3 id="_3-用法"><a href="#_3-用法" class="header-anchor">#</a> 3.用法</h3> <div class="language-c line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-c"><code><span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span><span class="token string">&lt;stdio.h&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span><span class="token string">&lt;string.h&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span><span class="token string">&lt;stdlib.h&gt;</span></span>

<span class="token comment">//存放学生信息结构体</span>
<span class="token keyword">typedef</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">int</span> stuID<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">int</span> age<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">char</span> address<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>ST_STU_INFO<span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token operator">*</span>pStuInfo<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token comment">//为结构体分配内存</span>
pStuInfo <span class="token function">ComposeStuInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> stuID<span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> age<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">char</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>paddress<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    pStuInfo ptmpInfo <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">malloc</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">sizeof</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">*</span>ptmpInfo<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token keyword">sizeof</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">char</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token function">strlen</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>paddress<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">if</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ptmpInfo <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token constant">NULL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        ptmpInfo<span class="token operator">-&gt;</span>stuID <span class="token operator">=</span> stuID<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        ptmpInfo<span class="token operator">-&gt;</span>age <span class="token operator">=</span> age<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token function">strcpy</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ptmpInfo<span class="token operator">-&gt;</span>address<span class="token punctuation">,</span> paddress<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> ptmpInfo<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token comment">// 打印学生信息</span>
<span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">printStuInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>pStuInfo ptmpInfo<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;stuID : %d   age : %d   Address: %s\nSize of Struct：%d\n\n&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
            ptmpInfo<span class="token operator">-&gt;</span>stuID<span class="token punctuation">,</span>ptmpInfo<span class="token operator">-&gt;</span>age<span class="token punctuation">,</span>ptmpInfo<span class="token operator">-&gt;</span>address<span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token keyword">sizeof</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">*</span>ptmpInfo<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token comment">//主程序</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    pStuInfo CodeLab <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">ComposeStuInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">100013</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Tencent,Shenzhen&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">if</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>CodeLab <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token constant">NULL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token function">printStuInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>CodeLab<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token function">free</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>CodeLab<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    pStuInfo subCodeLab <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">ComposeStuInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">200013</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">23</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Tencent&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">if</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>subCodeLab <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token constant">NULL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token function">printStuInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>subCodeLab<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token function">free</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>subCodeLab<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br></div></div><p>输出如下：</p> <div class="language-c line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-c"><code>stuID <span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">100013</span>   age <span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">20</span>   Address<span class="token operator">:</span> Tencent<span class="token punctuation">,</span>Shenzhen
Size of Struct：<span class="token number">8</span>

stuID <span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">200013</span>   age <span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">23</span>   Address<span class="token operator">:</span> Tencent
Size of Struct：<span class="token number">8</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><p>分析：</p> <ul><li>1）用柔性数组，我们成功实现了用不同长度的数组，而程序不会由于越界等异常情况而崩溃</li> <li>2）并且，在输出中，我们可以看到结构体的大小并没有因此而发生变化。</li></ul> <p>所以来看一道<b>“美团点评”</b>的笔试题：</p> <div class="language-c line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-c"><code>开发C代码时<span class="token punctuation">,</span>经常见到如下类型的结构体定义<span class="token operator">:</span>
<span class="token keyword">typedef</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token class-name">list_t</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
 <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token class-name">list_t</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>next<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
 <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token class-name">list_t</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>prev<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
 <span class="token keyword">char</span> data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token class-name">list_t</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
 
最后一行<span class="token keyword">char</span> data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>的作用是（）
A、方便管理内存缓冲区
B、减少内存碎片化
C、标识结构体结束
D、没有作用
    
<span class="token comment">/*
答案是：A和B
1）针对柔性数组这一不占用内存的特性，可以构造出内存缓冲区，同时由于是使用多少就申请多少，也起到了减少内存碎片化的作用，所以答案是A和B
2）C选项，柔性数组并不是标识结构体结束，而是作为结构体的一种拓**展**
3）注意:构造缓冲区就是方便管理内存缓冲区,减少内存碎片化。
*/</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br></div></div><h3 id="_4-对比"><a href="#_4-对比" class="header-anchor">#</a> 4.对比</h3> <div class="language-c line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-c"><code><span class="token comment">//1、直接使用指针</span>
<span class="token keyword">typedef</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">int</span> stuID<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">int</span> age<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">char</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>pAddress<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>ST_STU_INFO<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token comment">//2、使用固定长度大小的数组</span>
<span class="token keyword">typedef</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">int</span> stuID<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">int</span> age<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">char</span> pAddress<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>ST_STU_INFO<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token comment">//3、使用柔性数组</span>
<span class="token keyword">typedef</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">int</span> stuID<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">int</span> age<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">char</span> pAddress<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>ST_STU_INFO<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br></div></div><p><strong>对比：</strong></p> <ul><li>1）柔性数组不占用内存，而指针则不然，柔性数组在使用上是直接访问，形式上更加直观，而指针需要经过声明再进行动态分配内存，在效率上和柔性数组相比也稍微低一些。</li> <li>2）柔性数组能够按需用内存，而固定长度的数组，由于可能用不了那么长就会导致浪费。要是用的超过固定长度，则会导致程序崩溃。比如下面这样:</li></ul> <p><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/HACV/picture/img/2020_06_12_Flexible%20Array_01.gif" alt="2020_06_12_Flexible Array_01"></p> <p><strong>设计初衷和用途</strong></p> <ul><li>Tips：在<strong>Linux内核代码</strong>中有较多的柔性数组的使用</li> <li><strong>设计初衷</strong>：主要用途是为了满足需要变长度的结构体，为了解决使用数组时内存的冗余和数组的越界问题</li> <li><strong>用途</strong>：
<ul><li>1）这样的变长数组常用于网络通信中构造<strong>不定长数据包</strong>，不会浪费空间浪费网络流量，比如我要发送1024字节的数据，如果用定长包，假设定长包的长度为2048，就会浪费1024个字节的空间，造成不必要的流量浪费。</li> <li>2）**跳跃表（跳表，Skip list）**的实现上，可以使用柔性数组。</li></ul></li></ul> <h2 id="_04-内联函数"><a href="#_04-内联函数" class="header-anchor">#</a> 04.内联函数</h2> <ul><li>《C Primer Plus》第6版，P542</li></ul> <h2 id="❄️c99新特性-冷门"><a href="#❄️c99新特性-冷门" class="header-anchor">#</a> ❄️C99新特性-冷门</h2> <h3 id="t-1-指定初始化器材"><a href="#t-1-指定初始化器材" class="header-anchor">#</a> t.1.指定初始化器材</h3> <ul><li>指定初始化器（<code>designated initializer</code>）
<ul><li>《C Primer Plus》第6版，P281</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="language-c line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-c"><code><span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span><span class="token string">&lt;stdio.h&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">define</span> <span class="token macro-name">MONTHS</span> <span class="token expression"><span class="token number">12</span></span></span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">int</span> days<span class="token punctuation">[</span>MONTHS<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">28</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">30</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">31</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">29</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>	<span class="token comment">//指定初始化器</span>
    <span class="token keyword">int</span> i<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    
    <span class="token keyword">for</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> i<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>MONTHS<span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;%2d  %d\n&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> i<span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> days<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><h3 id="t2-复合字面值"><a href="#t2-复合字面值" class="header-anchor">#</a> t2.复合字面值</h3> <ul><li>C99新增了复合字面值（compound literal）
<ul><li>《C Primer Plus》第6版，P312</li></ul></li></ul> <h3 id="t3-tgmath-h库"><a href="#t3-tgmath-h库" class="header-anchor">#</a> t3.<code>tgmath.h</code>库</h3> <ul><li>《C Primer Plus》第6版，P550</li></ul> <h2 id="✅c11"><a href="#✅c11" class="header-anchor">#</a> ✅C11</h2> <h2 id="_01-匿名结构"><a href="#_01-匿名结构" class="header-anchor">#</a> 01.匿名结构</h2> <ul><li>C11新增</li> <li>《C Primer Plus》第6版，P465</li></ul> <div class="language-c line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-c"><code><span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token class-name">person</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">int</span> id<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">char</span> first<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">char</span> last<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>	<span class="token comment">//匿名结构</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><h2 id="_02-匿名联合"><a href="#_02-匿名联合" class="header-anchor">#</a> 02.匿名联合</h2> <ul><li>C11</li> <li>原理和匿名结构一样
<ul><li>《C Primer Plus》第6版，P473</li></ul></li></ul> <h2 id="_03-对齐特性"><a href="#_03-对齐特性" class="header-anchor">#</a> 03.对齐特性</h2> <ul><li>《C Primer Plus》第6版，P515</li></ul> <h2 id="_04-泛型选择"><a href="#_04-泛型选择" class="header-anchor">#</a> 04.泛型选择</h2> <ul><li>《C Primer Plus》第6版，P541</li></ul> <h2 id="❄️c11新特性-冷门"><a href="#❄️c11新特性-冷门" class="header-anchor">#</a> ❄️C11新特性-冷门</h2> <h3 id="t1-atomic类型限定符"><a href="#t1-atomic类型限定符" class="header-anchor">#</a> t1.<code>_Atomic</code>类型限定符</h3> <ul><li>『编译器不一定支持』</li> <li>《C Primer Plus》第6版，P406</li></ul> <h3 id="t2-noreturn函数"><a href="#t2-noreturn函数" class="header-anchor">#</a> t2.<code>_Noreturn</code>函数</h3> <ul><li>《C Primer Plus》第6版，P544</li></ul> <h3 id="t3-static-assert"><a href="#t3-static-assert" class="header-anchor">#</a> t3.<code>_Static_assert</code></h3> <ul><li>《C Primer Plus》第6版，P557</li></ul> <h2 id="参考资料"><a href="#参考资料" class="header-anchor">#</a> 参考资料</h2> <ul><li>《C与指针》</li> <li>《C专家编程》</li> <li>《C缺陷与陷阱》</li> <li>《C Primer Plus（第6版)》，<a href="https://book.douban.com/search/%E6%99%AE%E6%8B%89%E8%BE%BE" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">普拉达 (Stephen Prata)<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg></a>/译者: <a href="https://book.douban.com/search/%E5%A7%9C%E4%BD%91" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">姜佑<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg></a></li> <li>『CSDN C语言讲义』王保民</li> <li>『C语言指针详解』</li> <li>『C语言小白变怪兽 v1.0』，严长生，C语言中文网站长</li></ul></div> <div class="page-edit"><!----> <!----></div> <!----> </div> <!----></div></div>
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